Transforming growth factor (TGF) is a group of proteins involved in various cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and immune response modulation. They play a crucial role in regulating cell growth and development in both normal and pathological conditions, including cancer. TGF is secreted by many cell types and exerts its effects by binding to specific cell surface receptors, activating intracellular signaling pathways that control gene expression and cellular responses. Dysregulation of TGF signaling has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and immune disorders. Research in the field of TGF focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying TGF signaling, identifying its roles in various cellular processes, and developing therapeutic strategies to target this pathway for the treatment of diseases. This research area is highly interdisciplinary, involving approaches from molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry, and immunology.